Why did Alexander retreat from India?
After the battle with Porus in 326 BC, on account of having to cross the river Jhelum, meeting determined resistance from Porus and the heavy losses suffered due to the Indian war elephants, Alexander’s army’s morale took a beating. The battle had been tough and losses higher than those sustained with Persians at the battle of Gaugamela.
Alexander exhorted his men to move forward but they refused. They had learnt that an army of eighty thousand horsemen, two hundred thousand footmen, eight thousand chariots, and six thousand fighting elephants awaited on the other side of the River Ganges. If an army of 20,000 soldiers and 200 war elephants could cause so much damage, then such a large army would surely do much more. Alexander’s army mutinied and refused to move further into India.
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